Idlalwa kanjani indima yokwakhiwa kokukhanyisa kwenkundla ngokugcwele, sidinga ukuqonda izindinganiso ezithile zokubhekisela kanye nezidingo zomklamo wokukhanyisa kwenkundla.Kubandakanya ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa lombala, ukunikezwa kombala, ukulawula ukuxhopha, njll., kufanele kucatshangelwe futhi kusetshenziswe ngokucophelela.
Izidingo zokukhanyisa
Uma sithatha inkundla yebhola njengesibonelo, ngokombhalo wama-83 we-International Federation of Sports, ukukhanya okunconyiwe kwezinkundla kanye nemithethonqubo ethi "Lighting Design Standards for Civil Buildings" GBJ133-90, izinga lethu lokukhanyisa ezinkundleni zebhola kufanele lihlangane. izidingo ezilandelayo:
1. Sithatha idizayini yokukhanyisa enkundleni yebhola lezinyawo njengesibonelo, ngokuya nge-Athikili 2.2.9-1 "Yokukhanya Kwedizayini Yamazinga Ezakhiwo Zomphakathi" GBJ133-90: inani elijwayelekile lokukhanya kumidlalo yenkundla yebhola: lapho ibanga lokubuka lingu-120m, i- ukukhanya kufanele kufinyelele ku-150 ~ 200～300lx;lapho ibanga lokubuka liyi-160m, ukukhanya kudinga ukufinyelela ku-200～300～500lx;uma ibanga lokubuka lingu-200m, inani lokukhanyisa liyadingeka ukuthi libe ngu-300～500～750lx.Ibanga lokubuka lisho ibanga ukusuka kumugqa wokugcina wehholo ukuya eceleni kwendawo.
2. Ngokusakazwa bukhoma kwezinhlelo zemidlalo, ukukhanya okuma mpo kokusakazwa kwe-TV kufanele kucatshangelwe.Ngokuya nge-Athikili 2.2.9-2 "Yokuklanywa Kokukhanyisa Kwezakhiwo Zomphakathi" GBJ133-90, ukukhanya okuqondile okudingekayo ekusakazeni kwe-TV: ibanga eliphezulu lokudubula lihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
a.Emicimbini yebhola, lapho ibanga eliphezulu lokudubula lingama-25m, ukukhanya okumaphakathi okumaphakathi kufanele kufinyelele ku-750lx;
b.Uma ibanga eliphezulu lokudubula lingama-75m, ukukhanya okumaphakathi okumaphakathi kuyadingeka ukuze kufinyelele ku-1000lx;
c.Uma ibanga eliphezulu lokudubula lingu-150m, ukukhanya okumaphakathi okumaphakathi kuyadingeka ukuze kufinyelele izinga elingu-1500lx.
Phakathi kwazo, njengoba izinkundla eziningi zihlanganyela indawo yemidlalo yebhola kanye nethrekhi nenkundla, izidingo ezengeziwe ziyadingeka emicimbini yethrekhi nenkundla: lapho ibanga eliphakeme lokudubula liyi-25m, ukukhanya okuqondile okujwayelekile kuyadingeka ukuze kufinyelele ku-500lx;lapho ibanga elikhulu lokudubula lingama-75m, ukukhanya okujwayelekile okuqondile Ukukhanya kuyadingeka ukuze kufinyelele ku-750lx;lapho ibanga eliphezulu lokudubula lingu-150m, isilinganiso sokukhanya esiqondile siyadingeka ukuze sifinyelele ku-1000lx.
Amazwana: Izidingo zokukhanya okume mpo okukhulunywe ngenhla zisetshenziselwa ileveli yezemidlalo ethile kanye nenani lebanga elinikeziwe lokudubula elilungile elihlobene nendiza eqondile engu-1.0m, futhi inani eliphakathi levelu yokukhanya ngayinye liyasebenza.kwamanye amabanga okudubula.
3. Ukukhanya okungenhla kubhekise ekukhanyeni okumaphakathi kokugcina kwenkundla.Uma senza idizayini yokukhanyisa, sidinga ukungeza i-coefficient yokulungisa, ngokuvamile inani le-coefficient phakathi kuka-0.7 no-0.8.
4. Ukufana kokukhanya okuvundlile: ukufana kokukhanya ngokuvamile kuvezwa isilinganiso sokukhanya okuncane kuya ekukhanyeni okuphezulu, futhi kungabonakaliswa ngesilinganiso sokukhanya okuncane kuya ekukhanyeni okumaphakathi.Isilinganiso sokukhanya okuncane kuya ekukhanyeni okuphezulu kufanele sibe sikhulu kuno-0.5.Ukwengeza, sidinga futhi ukunaka ukufana kokukhanya okuqondile kwendawo: isilinganiso sokukhanya okuncane kuya ekukhanyeni okuphezulu kufanele sibe sikhulu kuno-0.4 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zekhamera ye-TV eyinhloko.
Ikhwalithi yokukhanyisa
1. Ukulawula ukukhanya
Ngenxa yokuthi indawo yenkundla inkulu uma kuqhathaniswa, kunamaqembu amaningi abambe iqhaza, okuhlanganisa abasubathi nonompempe, kanye nababukeli, izindaba zenkundla, njll. Ngakho-ke, lapho siklama ukukhanya kwenkundla, kufanele sinake ukulawula ukuxhopha endaweni ngayinye.Ngale ndlela, umphumela omuhle wokukhanyisa ungafinyelelwa, abagijimi bangadlala kangcono izinga labo lokuncintisana, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ababukeli bangabona ngokugcwele imininingwane yomdlalo.
Ngokuya kwencwadi ye-CIE NO.83 ethi "Sports Field Lighting for Color TV Systems", inkomba yokuxhopha ephezulu engu-GRmax enkundleni kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-50. Ukuncipha kwesilinganiso sokuxhopha okungu-GR, kuba ngcono ukulawula ukuxhopha, ngesilinganiso sokuxhopha 50. Isilinganiso se-glare GR singabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo:
GR=27+24Lg, Lvl/Lve 0.9 1 Kufomula, i-Lvl ukukhanya kwekhethini elikhanyayo elikhiqizwe isibani, futhi i-Lve ingukukhanya kwekhethini lokukhanya okukhiqizwa imvelo.Laba bobabili kufanele baphathwe ngokwehlukana.Uma sibala ukukhanya kwendawo, kufanele sikhumbule ukucabangela amanani e-glare ngezindlela ezihlukene.Kuphela uma inani elilinganiselwe GR<50, uhlelo lulonke nalo lungasebenza.
Yiqiniso, kunezindlela eziningi zokunciphisa ukukhanya, njengokukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwezibani, ukulungisa ukuphakama kokufakwa, i-angle, nokuhlelwa kwezibani, futhi ungakwazi "ukunciphisa" ukukhanya ngokukhanyisa isizinda senkundla.
2. Izinga lokushisa lombala womthombo wokukhanya nezinga elinikeza umbala
Ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela engcono yokubuka nokusakazwa kwe-TV, ikhwalithi yokukhanya kwenkundla ayigcini nje ngokukhanyisa, kodwa futhi nezinga lokushisa lombala nokunikezwa kombala.Uma ukukhanya kufinyelela ezingeni, kungasivumela kuphela ukuthi "sibone ngokucacile", futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lombala nokunikezwa kombala kuhlangabezana nendinganiso, kungasivumela ukuthi "sibone kahle".
Ngokuya ngezinhlinzeko ze-Athikili 3.3.2 yezwe lami "Amazinga Wokuklanywa Kokukhanyisa Kwezakhiwo Zomphakathi" GBJ133-90: Ngemithombo yokukhanya evamile esetshenziselwa ukusakazwa kwe-TV enemibala, inkomba yokunikeza umbala u-Ra akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-65. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho ekushicilelweni kwe-CIE NO.83 kanye nezimfuneko ze-FIFA, izinga lokushisa lomthombo wokukhanya womthombo wokukhanya i-Tc likhulu kuno-5000K, futhi inkomba yokunikeza umbala inkulu noma ilingana no-80. Okusho ukuthi, ekwakhiweni kokukhanyisa kwezinkundla, izinga lokushisa lombala lomthombo wokukhanya kufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-5000K, futhi izinga lokushisa lombala kufanele okungenani libe ngu-Ra>65.
3. Isiqondiso sokukhanya
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukulawula ukukhanya kuhlobene kakhulu nesiqondiso sokukhanyisa.Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-angle yokucindezeleka yesibani nayo ingashintsha ukukhanya okuqondile.Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama ukukhanyisa kwenkundla, kuyadingeka ukulawula isiqondiso sokukhanya kwezibani.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso sekhamera eyinhloko nokukhanya okuvela kolunye uhlangothi kufanele kulawulwe phakathi kwebanga elithile, futhi indawo yokukhanya kwe-accent kuseyinkaba yenkantolo.
Ugesi osetshenziswa ukukhanyisa ezinkundleni ugesi wezohwebo, kanti amandla asetshenziswa kuyo yonke inkundla kukhulu kakhulu.Isikweletu sikagesi sosuku kwesinye isikhathi singabiza izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamayuan.Ngakho-ke, izindaba zokonga ugesi kumele zibhekwe ekwakhiweni kokukhanyisa ezinkundleni zemidlalo.
Okonga amandla, lokho inkampani eklama ukukhanyisa engakwenza ukwenza isikimu sokukhanyisa esiphusile, ukhethe izibani ezisebenza kahle, unciphise ukulahleka kwemigqa, futhi uklame uhlelo oluhle lokulawula ukukhanya.
Lapho sikhetha izinto zokukhanyisa zamakolishi namanyuvesi, kufanele simise amamodi okushintsha anengqondo, amaningi kanye nezikimu zokulawula ezihambisanayo ukuze silungise kalula imidlalo ehlukahlukene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zici kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokugcwele ekuqaleni komklamo, ngaphandle kwalokho kuyoba nzima ukulungisa kabusha kamuva.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-25-2022