Umbono: Njengamanje, umhlaba uqale wakha isakhiwo sezimboni esigxile eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, nase-Asia, ngayinye enezinzuzo eziqinile emikhakheni ehlukene.Umnotho othuthukile omelwe yi-United States, Japan, kanye neJalimane enamandla okukhiqiza alo lonke uchungechunge lwemboni yezibani ze-LED unenzuzo emakethe esezingeni eliphezulu, enamazinga emishini ethuthukisiwe kanye nohlelo lwezimboni oluphelele uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa luvaleleke. kwezabasebenzi, ezokuthutha, nakumaketango wokuhlinzeka.kubiza ngaphezulu...
Ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha
Njengamanje, umhlaba uqale wakha isakhiwo sezimboni esigxile ezifundeni ezintathu ezinkulu zaseNyakatho Melika, iYurophu ne-Asia, ngayinye enezinzuzo eziqinile emikhakheni ehlukene.Umnotho othuthukile omelwe yi-United States, Japan, kanye neJalimane enamandla okukhiqiza alo lonke uchungechunge lwemboni yezibani ze-LED unenzuzo emakethe esezingeni eliphezulu, enamazinga emishini ethuthukisiwe kanye nohlelo lwezimboni oluphelele uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa luvaleleke. kwezabasebenzi, ezokuthutha, nakumaketango wokuhlinzeka.Izithiyo zezindleko eziphakeme azikakhi imiphumela yesikali.Phakathi kwezimakethe ezisafufusa e-Asia, amazwe anjengeNdiya, iVietnam, njll., athuthukisa imboni yokukhanyisa i-LED kamuva, anamakhono athile okukhiqiza imikhiqizo, kodwa ukusekelwa kwawo kweketango lezimboni akuphelele, futhi abhekana nezimo zezombusazwe nezomnotho eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi eziphansi. ukusebenza kahle komphakathi.kanye nezinye izindaba, kunzima ukwakha ukuncintisana esikhathini esifushane.
Njengemboni yomhlaba wonke yomkhakha wokukhanyisa we-LED womhlaba wonke, i-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni futhi ithumela ngaphandle imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa i-LED.Inamandla okukhiqiza nawokukhiqiza awo wonke uchungechunge lwezimboni zemboni yezibani ze-LED, futhi inokuncintisana okuqinile ekukhiqizeni, ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa kwe-LED.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva, amandla okukhiqiza embonini yokukhanyisa i-LED akhule ngokushesha, okuholele ekugxilweni okuphansi kwemboni kanye nokuncintisana okunamandla kwemakethe.Imikhiqizo yomugqa wokuqala wamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Signify ne-Osram, kanye nemikhiqizo yasekhaya yomugqa wokuqala efana ne-Oppo Lighting, ithatha ingxenye enkulu yemakethe yemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakathi kuya kwephezulu ngenxa yomkhiqizo wayo oqinile, isiteshi, abaphathi kanye ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinzuzo zentuthuko.Ezinye izinkampani ezisafufusa ezikhanyisa ama-LED ezinezici zazo zobuchwepheshe namandla okuthuthukisa umkhiqizo nazo zibambe amathuba okuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni kukhule ngokushesha, zingene ngempumelelo emakethe yomkhiqizo ehlukene phakathi nesigaba esiphezulu futhi zithole isabelo semakethe esithile.Abakhiqizi abaningi bezibani ze-LED abancane nabamaphakathi, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo wabo, ikhwalithi, uhlobo kanye namashaneli, ikakhulukazi bancintisana ngentengo emakethe esezingeni eliphansi.
Izici zemboni
Izikhathi ezithile
Ngokuvuthwa kancane kancane kobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa kwe-LED, nokunakwa nesiqondiso senqubomgomo yokongiwa kwamandla kanye nezindaba zokuvikelwa kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke, imboni yokukhanyisa i-LED ingenise amathuba amakhulu entuthuko, ngakho izici zezikhathi ezithile azibonakali.
Isifunda
Njengamanje, imboni yokukhanyisa i-LED yomhlaba wonke iqale yakha iphethini yokusabalalisa izimboni kanye nokuncintisana okugxile ezifundeni ezintathu ezinkulu zase-Asia, eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.I-China iyisisekelo esibalulekile sokukhiqiza kanye nesisekelo sokuthekelisa semikhiqizo yezibani ze-LED emhlabeni, kanti i-Asia, iYurophu kanye neNyakatho Melika yizimakethe ezibaluleke kakhulu zabathengi bemikhiqizo emhlabeni.
Okwesizini
Izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa kwe-LED zibanzi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi kunezidingo zesikhathi eside nezizinzile zohlelo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nempilo yansuku zonke, ezohwebo, ukukhiqiza, ubunjiniyela, ezokuthutha, njll., ngakho-ke izici zemakethe jikelele azibonakali.Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa kwe-LED yezentengiselwano engxenyeni yemakethe ikakhulukazi yamakhasimende ezentengiselwano.Ngenxa yethonya lemikhuba yokusetshenziswa kwendabuko, isikhathi samaholide sivame ukuba yisizini yokuthengisa ephezulu.Ngesikhathi "sikakhisimuzi" emazweni angaphandle, abanikazi bomkhiqizo bazokhuphula ukuphromotha nokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yezibani zentengiso.Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yesibili yonyaka yinkathi yokuthengisa ephezulu yemboni yezibani zezentengiselwano.Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka ngemva kweholidi likaNcibijane, ukuthengisa kuphansi.Ngakho-ke, kunezici ezithile zonyaka embonini yezibani zokuhweba.
Amathrendi nezizathu zoshintsho kumazinga enzuzo embonini
Imakethe engezansi yomkhakha wokukhanyisa i-LED inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo kanye nesidingo esinamandla semakethe.Imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED ibhekene nokuncintisana kwemakethe okuqinile, futhi umkhawulo wenzuzo wemikhiqizo uphansi.Ukukhanyisa okuvamile kuyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yezicelo zemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa kwe-LED, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhakha engaphansi kwayo kuhluke kakhulu.Inkambu yokukhanyisa ekhaya ingena kancane kancane enkathini yokuvuthwa, futhi iphethini yokuncintisana yemakethe iyakhiwa ngokuyisisekelo.isiminyaniswe ngezinga elithile.
Izingxenye zemakethe ezifana nezibani zezentengiselwano kanye nezibani zezimboni zisesigabeni sokuthuthuka ngokushesha.Ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezidingo zomuntu siqu nezenziwe ngokwezifiso zamakhasimende okukhanyisa ezentengiselwano, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokukhanyisa zezimboni zokuphepha, induduzo, ubuhlakani nezinye izidingo, ukukhanyisa kwezentengiselwano Izingxenye zemakethe ezifana nokukhanyisa kwezimboni nokukhanyisa kwezimboni zizoqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokushesha, futhi zihlukaniswe. futhi imikhiqizo yomuntu siqu ivame ukuba nenani eliphakeme elengeziwe lomkhiqizo namandla amakhulu okwenza inzuzo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamathuba nezinselelo imboni ebhekene nazo
Amathuba abhekene nawo
A. Amazwe emhlabeni jikelele akhuthaza ukwenziwa kwaziwe kwemikhiqizo yezibani ze-LED kanye nokwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukuvikela indawo ezungezile, nokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, ohulumeni bamazwe/izifunda ezithuthukile njenge-United States, i-European Union, ne-Japan baye bakhipha izinqubomgomo ngokulandelana zokuvimbela izibani zendabuko kanye nokusekela nokukhuthaza. ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezibani ze-LED.
B. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa i-LED buyaqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa, amanani aqhubeka nokwehla
Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kunquma ukukhula okusheshayo kwemboni yezibani ze-LED.Ukushintshwa kwezibani zokulondoloza amandla ngemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa kwe-LED kuwumkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhanyisa.Inqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa i-LED ibonakala ngokuyinhloko ezicini ezimbili: Okokuqala, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kahle kokukhanya.Ngokusho kwedatha efanelekile, ngo-2018, ukusebenza okukhanyayo kwama-LED amhlophe anezimboni ezinamandla amakhulu kudlule i-180lm/W, ukusebenza okukhanyayo kwezibani ze-LED zasendlini kudlule i-100lm/W, kanye nokusebenza okukhanyayo kwezibani zangaphandle kudlule i-130lm/W;okwesibili, intengo yezindleko yaqhubeka nokwehla.Ethintwa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-chip ekhuphuka nomfula, ukwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nokwenza kahle kwenqubo yokukhiqiza izibani, izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ziye zehla kancane kancane, zehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza izibani ze-LED.Ngokwezibalo, ngokwenani lentengo yesibani se-LED esilingana nama-watts angama-60, intengo yayo yayicishe ibe ngamadola angama-45-50 ucezu ngalunye ngoJanuwari 2011, kodwa ngoJulayi 2018, intengo yase yehle yaba ngaphansi kwamadola ayi-10. yemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa kwe-LED kancane kancane yasondela entengo yezibani zendabuko ezonga amandla.
C. Inkambu yokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezibani ze-LED iyaqhubeka nokukhula
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa kwe-LED, izinkomba zokusebenza kwemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa kwe-LED efana nokuzinza, impilo yesevisi, ubuhlakani, i-CRI, ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo kuya ngokuya kuvuthiwe, kufinyelela esimweni sokuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe.Imikhiqizo yezibani ze-LED ayigcinanga ngokunelisa ukukhanya okuvamile Kodwa-ke, ngokwezimo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza, kutholakala izinkambu ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza, futhi ububanzi bemakethe bukhula futhi bunwebeka njalo.Ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1990, imboni yezibani ze-LED yayisesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka.Isistimu yombala womkhiqizo yayingashadile futhi intengo yayiphezulu.Imakethe yezicelo yayiqhutshwa ikakhulukazi isidingo sezibani zesignali nezibani zezinkomba.Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990s, imboni yezibani ze-LED yangena ngokushesha Esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza kanye nokwehla kwamanani omkhiqizo kwenza ukukhanya kwe-LED kwanda ngokushesha emkhakheni wezohwebo futhi kwaba amandla amakhulu okushayela. ukuze kuthuthukiswe imakethe yezibani ze-LED ngaleso sikhathi;ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwehliswa okwengeziwe kwamanani, eminyakeni yamuva nje imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa i-Lai LED ingene kancane kancane emikhakheni eminingi efana nokukhanyisa ekhaya nokukhanyisa izimboni, yakha imakethe enkulu yokufaka isicelo.Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kokukhanyisa kwezwe, ukukhanya kwezimoto kanye neminye imikhakha engaphansi, isidingo semakethe sokukhanyisa kwe-LED sizoqhubeka sikhula ngokushesha.
D. I-China inochungechunge oluphelele lwemboni yezibani ze-LED, futhi imboni ingene esigabeni esivuthiwe sokuthuthuka
imboni yezibani ze-LED yezwe lami yaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960.Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-50 yentuthuko, imboni yezibani ze-LED yezwe lami yenze impumelelo emangalisayo, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-wafers e-LED epitaxial, ukulungiswa kwama-chips e-LED, ukupakishwa kanye nezicelo zemikhiqizo ye-LED.Kubandakanya uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-China ibheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa kwe-LED, futhi iye yethula ngokulandelana amaphrojekthi okukhanyisa okuluhlaza kanye namaphrojekthi okukhanyisa ama-semiconductor.Sekela ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kanye nemiklamo yezimboni yobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa kwe-LED, ngaleyo ndlela ube nesisekelo esihle socwaningo nentuthuko, futhi ube nezinzuzo ezithile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zokuhlanganiswa kokukhanyisa kwe-LED.
E. Amazinga emboni yaseShayina athuthuka njalo, futhi ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile sekuphenduke inkomba
Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweminyango kahulumeni efana neKhomishini Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko, Ikhomishana Yamazinga Kazwelonke, Umnyango Wesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, Umnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezinhlangano nezikhungo zezimboni ezifanele, ukuhlolwa kwamazinga okukhanyisa kwe-LED yezwe kanye nesitifiketi kwenziwe inqubekelaphambili ngezigaba.Ngokwezibalo zenkundla kazwelonke yolwazi olujwayelekile lwensizakalo yenkonzo yomphakathi, kusukela ngoMeyi 31, 2021, izwe lami selikhiphe izindinganiso zikazwelonke zamanje eziyi-187, izindinganiso zezimboni eziyi-174, kanye namazinga endawo angama-247 ahlobene nokukhanyisa kwe-LED, futhi lenza ngenkuthalo umsebenzi wokuhlola ojwayelekile weqembu. futhi wabamba iqhaza ngokukhuthele enhlanganweni yamazwe ngamazwe ISO/TC274 umsebenzi wokulinganisa.
Ukwengeza, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa kwe-LED buya ngokuya bunwebeka, futhi izinkambu zayo zokusebenza ezingezansi ezifana nezindawo zangaphandle, izinkundla, njll. ziye zasungula kancane kancane imininingwane yokuphatha efanele.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango Wezitimela, Umnyango Wezokuxhumana, kanye Nomnyango Wezokuphepha Komphakathi nawo basungule izindinganiso ezifanele zemikhiqizo yokufaka izibani ze-LED.Ukusungulwa kwamazinga nezinkambiso zemboni ezingenhla kuzosiza ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuhlelekile nokujwayelekile kwemboni yezibani ze-LED.
Izinselele okuhlangatshezwane nazo
A. Ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bubuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa
Njengamanje, ingxenye enkulu yemikhiqizo yezibani ze-LED yezwe lami ithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, futhi izimakethe zamazwe/izifunda ezithuthukile eYurophu nase-United States zihlukile kunemakethe yasekhaya.Banemikhawulo eqinile yokufinyelela futhi bathuthukise izindlela zokuphatha ukwethenjwa.Imikhiqizo yezibani ze-LED ibeka izimo zokufinyelela emakethe.Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bezinkampani ezikhanyisa i-LED zezwe lami emkhakheni wezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukwakheka kwe-optical, ukuphathwa kwamandla, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhipha ukushisa bekusesimweni esibuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa isikhathi eside.Izinkampani zokukhanyisa i-LED azinayo inzuzo yokuncintisana kwezobuchwepheshe.Izithiyo ezinkulu ezimakethe ezithuthukile.
B. Umthelela womkhiqizo wezinkampani ezikhanyayo ze-LED zasekhaya awunamandla
Ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa kwezifunda ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, imboni yamanje yezibani ze-LED emhlabeni wonke iye yakha iphethini yokusabalalisa yezimboni enezinhlangothi ezintathu kanye nokuncintisana okuphethwe yi-United States, Asia, ne-Europe, futhi ibonise ukuthi iJapane, i-United States. , futhi iJalimane ingabaholi bemboni.I-China I-Taiwan ne-South Korea yalandela eduze, futhi i-China, i-Malaysia kanye namanye amazwe/izifunda zalandela ngenkuthalo ukusatshalaliswa kwe-echelon.Emazweni ngamazwe, iziqhwaga zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-Signify ne-Osram zinesabelo esikhulu semakethe emakethe yemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu.Banezici zabo emikhiqizweni nasezimakethe, bakha uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele lokukhanyisa kwe-LED, futhi basebenzisa izinzuzo zabo emikhiqizweni emisha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha.Izinzuzo ezintsha, ezihileleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ephezulu ye-value-added, ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obubalulekile njengezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, idizayini yokubona, ukuphathwa kwamandla, nobuchwepheshe bokukhipha ukushisa.Kodwa-ke, izinkampani ezikhanyisa izibani ze-LED ezifuywayo zinamandla okukhuthazwa komkhiqizo namandla engeziwe, noma ziphishekela isikali sokuthengisa futhi zinganaki ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo, futhi kunezinkampani zomkhiqizo ezimbalwa ezinokuncintisana kwamanye amazwe.
C.Isimo sokuncintisana kwe-homogeneous sibucayi
I-homogeneity yomkhiqizo ibilokhu ingenye yezinkinga ezikhungethe izinkampani zokukhanyisa ze-LED zezwe lami.Njengoba imakethe yezibani ze-LED isesigabeni sokukhula ngokushesha, amanye amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi embonini atshale imali encane ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo nobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa imikhiqizo eshibhile uma kuqhathaniswa.Intengo ibeka phambili imakethe, okuholela emncintiswaneni othile ongahlelekile kanye ne-homogeneity yomkhiqizo embonini yokukhanyisa kwe-LED.Lezi zinkinga azithinti kuphela inzuzo yezinkampani zokukhanyisa i-LED, kodwa futhi azihambisani nokuthuthukiswa okunempilo nokusimeme kwemboni yokukhanyisa i-LED.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-06-2022